However the city is known for intermittent abrupt heavy showers. 300 « Crazy Red » lipsticks are used each year by Crazy Horse Paris’ dancers. Paris' 2015 at-census unemployment rate was 12.2%,[202] and in the first trimester of 2018, its ILO-critera unemployment rate was 7.1 percent. [63] Paris became the laboratory of Naturalism (Émile Zola) and Symbolism (Charles Baudelaire and Paul Verlaine), and of Impressionism in art (Courbet, Manet, Monet, Renoir). Paris is a major international air transport hub with the 5th busiest airport system in the world. The Forney Library, in the Marais district, is dedicated to the decorative arts; the Arsenal Library occupies a former military building, and has a large collection on French literature; and the Bibliothèque historique de la ville de Paris, also in Le Marais, contains the Paris historical research service. Electricity is provided to Paris through a peripheral grid fed by multiple sources. [17] The Orsay displays French art of the 19th century, including major collections of the Impressionists and Post-Impressionists. It doesn’t matter which race you are looking out for; you can find every result here. Most French rulers since the Middle Ages made a point of leaving their mark on a city that, contrary to many other of the world's capitals, has never been destroyed by catastrophe or war. [68], During the First World War, Paris sometimes found itself on the front line; 600 to 1,000 Paris taxis played a small but highly important symbolic role in transporting 6,000 soldiers to the front line at the First Battle of the Marne. [169] It declined again in 2018. [45][46] The conflicts ended when pretender to the throne Henry IV, after converting to Catholicism to gain entry to the capital, entered the city in 1594 to claim the crown of France. The Moulin Rouge was opened in 1889. [227] Georges Bizet's Carmen premiered 3 March 1875. [296] Five new light rail lines are currently in various stages of development.[298]. Musicals, Comedies, Classical Concerts, Cabarets, Circus, Opera, Ballet, Classics, One-man show and More! The city sometimes sees light snow or flurries with or without accumulation. Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of Europe's major centres of finance, diplomacy, commerce, fashion, science and arts.The City of Paris is the centre and seat of … [144] The high residential population of its city centre also makes it much different from most other western major cities.[145]. [20] Alternatively, Pierre-Yves Lambert proposed to translate Parisii as the 'spear people', by connecting the first element to the Old Irish carr 'spear', derived from an earlier *kwar-sā. The Metropole covers 814 square kilometres (314 square miles) and has a population of 6.945 million persons. Only 33 percent of principal residence Parisians own their habitation (against 47 percent for the entire Île-de-France): the major part of the city's population is a rent-paying one. The music hall and cabaret are famous Paris institutions. [248] By 1870, Paris had become an important centre for symphony, ballet and operatic music. The largest opera houses of Paris are the 19th-century Opéra Garnier (historical Paris Opéra) and modern Opéra Bastille; the former tends toward the more classic ballets and operas, and the latter provides a mixed repertoire of classic and modern. [32], By the end of the Western Roman Empire, the town was known as Parisius, a Latin name that would later become Paris in French. In the city's wealthiest neighbourhood, the 7th arrondissement, 7 percent lived below the poverty line; 8 percent in the 6th arrondissement; and 9 percent in the 16th arrondissement. [251] Patrons danced the bourrée to the accompaniment of the cabrette (a bellows-blown bagpipe locally called a "musette") and often the vielle à roue (hurdy-gurdy) in the cafés and bars of the city. The Musée de l'Orangerie, near both the Louvre and the Orsay, also exhibits Impressionists and Post-Impressionists, including most of Claude Monet's large Water Lilies murals. [39] The latter location housed the headquarters of Paris' river trade corporation, an organisation that later became, unofficially (although formally in later years), Paris' first municipal government. [152], On the night of 8–9 February 2019, during a period of cold weather, a Paris NGO conducted its annual citywide count of homeless persons. By the end of the 19th century the company owned 166 tram cars, 1000 horses, seven steam locomotives and 19 miles of tram tracks. [47], During the 17th century, Cardinal Richelieu, chief minister of Louis XIII, was determined to make Paris the most beautiful city in Europe. [133], The two houses of the French Parliament are located on the Left Bank. [33] Christianity was introduced in the middle of the 3rd century AD by Saint Denis, the first Bishop of Paris: according to legend, when he refused to renounce his faith before the Roman occupiers, he was beheaded on the hill which became known as Mons Martyrum (Latin "Hill of Martyrs"), later "Montmartre", from where he walked headless to the north of the city; the place where he fell and was buried became an important religious shrine, the Basilica of Saint-Denis, and many French kings are buried there. The best shows to see in Paris! Follow horse racing with Alex Hammond on Sky Sports - get live racing results, racecards, news, videos, photos, stats (horses & jockeys), plus daily tips. [59], During the Restoration, the bridges and squares of Paris were returned to their pre-Revolution names, but the July Revolution of 1830 in Paris, (commemorated by the July Column on Place de la Bastille), brought a constitutional monarch, Louis Philippe I, to power. Several of the best-known restaurants in Paris today appeared during the Belle Epoque, including Maxim's on Rue Royale, Ledoyen in the gardens of the Champs-Élysées, and the Tour d'Argent on the Quai de la Tournelle. This article is about equine-powered railcars. and the rugby union clubs Stade Français and Racing 92, the last of which is based just outside the city proper. Paris was central to the development of Romanticism in art, with painters such as Gericault. [268] A bistro is a type of eating place loosely defined as a neighbourhood restaurant with a modest decor and prices and a regular clientele and a congenial atmosphere. The traditional kepis of the gendarmes were replaced in 2002 with caps, and the force modernised, though they still wear kepis for ceremonial occasions. [230][231] Numerous photographers achieved renown for their photography of Paris, including Eugène Atget, noted for his depictions of street scenes, Robert Doisneau, noted for his playful pictures of people and market scenes (among which Le baiser de l'hôtel de ville has become iconic of the romantic vision of Paris), Marcel Bovis, noted for his night scenes, as well as others such as Jacques-Henri Lartigue and Henri Cartier-Bresson. [99], Paris is located in northern central France, in a north-bending arc of the river Seine whose crest includes two islands, the Île Saint-Louis and the larger Île de la Cité, which form the oldest part of the city. Education in Paris and the Île-de-France region employs approximately 330,000 people, 170,000 of whom are teachers and professors teaching approximately 2.9 million children and students in around 9,000 primary, secondary, and higher education schools and institutions. [214], Greater Paris, comprising Paris and its three surrounding departments, received 38 million visitors in 2019, a record, measured by hotel arrivals. There are also notable museums devoted to individual artists, including the Musée Picasso, the Musée Rodin and the Musée national Eugène Delacroix. [233] The National Museum of Natural History located near the Jardin des plantes attracted two million visitors in 2018. They counted 3,641 homeless persons in Paris, of whom twelve percent were women. [301] Charles de Gaulle Airport, located on the edge of the northern suburbs of Paris, opened to commercial traffic in 1974 and became the busiest Parisian airport in 1993. [151] Social or public housing represented 19.9 percent of the city's total residences in 2017. The last regular mule-drawn cars in the US ran in Sulphur Rock, Arkansas, until 1926 and were commemorated by a U.S. postage stamp issued in 1983. Another musical landmark is the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées, where the first performances of Diaghilev's Ballets Russes took place in 1913. The Musée Rodin and Musée Picasso exhibit the works of two noted Parisians. [329] Some of the most famous people in the world are buried in Parisian cemeteries, such as Oscar Wilde and Serge Gainsbourg among others. [216], The city's top cultural attraction in 2019 was the Basilica of Sacré-Cœur (11 million visitors), followed by the Louvre (9.6 million visitors); the Eiffel Tower (6.1 million visitors); the Centre Pompidou (3.5 million visitors); and the Musée d'Orsay (3.3 million visitors). The southern Essonne department specialises in science and technology,[198] and the south-eastern Val-de-Marne, with its wholesale Rungis food market, specialises in food processing and beverages. With Paris's growth many of these, particularly the city's largest cemetery, the Holy Innocents' Cemetery, were filled to overflowing, creating quite unsanitary conditions for the capital. [321] Since 1977, the city has created 166 new parks, most notably the Parc de la Villette (1987), Parc André Citroën (1992), Parc de Bercy (1997) and Parc Clichy-Batignolles (2007). During the Hundred Years' War, Paris was occupied by England-friendly Burgundian forces from 1418, before being occupied outright by the English when Henry V of England entered the French capital in 1420;[43] in spite of a 1429 effort by Joan of Arc to liberate the city,[44] it would remain under English occupation until 1436. Theatre in Paris makes shows in the French language accessible to English speakers. [96] On 18 March of the same year, in a Vitry-sur-Seine bar, a man held patrons hostage, then fled to later hold a gun to the head of an Orly Airport French soldier, shouting "I am here to die in the name of Allah", and was shot dead by the soldier's comrades. [3] In 1900, electrification of the tramway and reconstruction of its tracks to 4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) (standard gauge) began. [36] From the Capetian dynasty that began with the 987 election of Hugh Capet, Count of Paris and Duke of the Franks (duc des Francs), as king of a unified Francia, Paris gradually became the largest and most prosperous city in France.[34]. [89], Between July and October 1995, a series of bombings carried out by the Armed Islamic Group of Algeria caused 8 deaths and more than 200 injuries. Below is a list of locations around the world with operational horsecars that are open to the public. The 1938 and 1998 FIFA World Cups, the 2007 Rugby World Cup, as well as the 1960, 1984 and 2016 UEFA European Championships were also held in the city. Among the Trouvères of northern France, a group of Parisian aristocrats became known for their poetry and songs. [4] Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of Europe's major centres of finance, diplomacy, commerce, fashion, science and arts. [41][37], With 200,000 inhabitants in 1328, Paris, then already the capital of France, was the most populous city of Europe. The city is a major railway, highway and air-transport hub served by two international airports: Paris–Charles de Gaulle (the second busiest airport in Europe) and Paris–Orly. The city also hosted the finals of the 1938 FIFA World Cup (at the Stade Olympique de Colombes), as well as the 1998 FIFA World Cup and the 2007 Rugby World Cup Final (both at the Stade de France). Other popular tourist sites include the Gothic royal chapel of Sainte-Chapelle, also on the Île de la Cité; the Eiffel Tower, constructed for the Paris Universal Exposition of 1889; the Grand Palais and Petit Palais, built for the Paris Universal Exposition of 1900; the Arc de Triomphe on the Champs-Élysées, and the Basilica of Sacré-Coeur on the hill of Montmartre. In addition to the Sorbonne location, there are branches in Malesherbes, Clignancourt-Championnet, Michelet-Institut d'Art et d'Archéologie, Serpente-Maison de la Recherche, and Institut des Etudes Ibériques. The Bercy Arena also hosted the 2017 IIHF World Ice Hockey Championship, together with Cologne, Germany. The 19th century produced the neoclassical church of La Madeleine (1808–1842), the Palais Garnier serving as an opera house (1875), the neo-Byzantine Basilica of Sacré-Cœur (1875–1919), as well as the exuberant Belle Époque modernism of the Eiffel Tower (1889). Thousands of Parisian blue-collar workers joined the students, and the movement grew into a two-week general strike. The company paid the city government 7.3 million euros in 2016. [259] The presence of a large African and Caribbean community helped to its development, it gave a voice, a political and social status for many minorities. The top ten French companies listed in the Fortune Global 500 for 2018 all have their headquarters in the Paris Region; six in the central business district of the City of Paris; and four close to the city in the Hauts-de-Seine Department, three in La Défense and one in Boulogne-Billancourt. Whenever it's post time, there's no better place to be than the Paris Las Vegas Race Book. The winner of the 2014 Nobel Prize in Literature, Patrick Modiano (who lives in Paris), based most of his literary work on the depiction of the city during World War II and the 1960s–1970s. [315] The air pollution in Paris, from the point of view of particulate matter (PM10), is the highest in France with 38 μg/m3. [288] In addition to Paris Saint-Germain F.C., the city has a number of other professional and amateur football clubs: Paris FC, Red Star, RCF Paris and Stade Français Paris. Paris is the core of a built-up area that extends well beyond its limits: commonly referred to as the agglomération Parisienne, and statistically as a unité urbaine (a measure of urban area), the Paris agglomeration's 2017 population of 10,784,830[170] made it the largest urban area in the European Union. Later, Olympia Paris presented Dalida, Edith Piaf, Marlene Dietrich, Miles Davis, Judy Garland and the Grateful Dead. The number of deputy mayors in each arrondissement varies depending upon its population. The population of Paris today is lower than its historical peak of 2.9 million in 1921. Snow falls every year, but rarely stays on the ground. [198] The Paris region's most intense economic activity through the central Hauts-de-Seine department and suburban La Défense business district places Paris' economic centre to the west of the city, in a triangle between the Opéra Garnier, La Défense and the Val de Seine. [75][76] On 25 August 1944, the city was liberated by the French 2nd Armoured Division and the 4th Infantry Division of the United States Army. Photography came to occupy a central role in Parisian Surrealist activity, in the works of Man Ray and Maurice Tabard. As the service became increasingly popular, the fare was reduced to two annas (10 pre-decimalisation paise). La 1ère Guest Star dans l’histoire du Crazy Horse est Dita Von Teese en octobre 2006. [53], Paris was the centre of an explosion of philosophic and scientific activity known as the Age of Enlightenment. [18] The football club Paris Saint-Germain and the rugby union club Stade Français are based in Paris. INSEE – Unemployment by region and department, first trimester of 2018 (Provisional figures) (retrieved 31 July 2018), Taxable income by "consumption unit" as defined by INSEE, see, TEA-AECOM Theme Index 2017: Amusement Parks Worldwide, Paris Tourism Key Figures 2018; Paris Convention and Visitors Bureau, sfn error: no target: CITEREFLester2006 (, Place de la Grève (Place de l'Hôtel de Ville), a series of coordinated bomb and gunfire terrorist attacks in Paris and Saint-Denis, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, European Union Institute for Security Studies, International Bureau of Weights and Measures, International Federation for Human Rights, List of tallest buildings and structures in the Paris region, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, European Securities and Markets Authority, Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture, École des hautes études en sciences sociales, National Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Bibliothèque historique de la ville de Paris, 5th busiest airport in the world by international traffic, List of twin towns and sister cities in France, International Exposition of Modern Industrial and Decorative Arts, "Comparateur de territoire: Unité urbaine 2020 de Paris (00851)", "Comparateur de territoire: Aire d'attraction des villes 2020 de Paris (001)", "Populations légales 2018: Commune de Paris (75056)", "Comparateur de territoire: Région d'Île-de-France (11)", Singapour, Hong Kong, Paris : le trio des villes les plus chères du monde, "Revealed: The world's most expensive (and cheapest) cities for 2018", "List: The world's 20 busiest airports (2017)", "ACI reveals the world's busiest passenger and cargo airports", "The 51 busiest train stations in the world – all but 6 located in Japan", "9,6 millions de visiteurs au Louvre en 2019", "Art's Most Popular: here are 2019's most visited shows and museums", "Important Destinations for the Beat Generation", "France remembers Algerian massacre 50 years on", "Les berges de Seine rendues aux Parisiens", "Sarko's €35bn rail plan for a 'Greater Paris, "€26.5bn Grand Paris metro expansion programme confirmed", "French Court Sentences 2 for Role in 1995 Bombings That Killed 8", "Attentats terroristes : les questions que vous nous avez le plus posées", "Les politiques s'affichent à la marche républicaine", "Islamic State claims Paris attacks that killed 127", "Terror attacks timeline: From Paris and Brussels terror to most recent attacks in Europe", "Paris Orly airport attacker was 'radicalised Muslim, "Paris shooting: Marine Le Pen calls for all French terror suspects to be expelled after Champs Elysees attack", "Car rams police van on Champs-Elysees, armed suspect dead", "Visiting Paris in the Winter: A Complete Guide", "Weather in France – Climate and Temperatures of French Cities", "42.6 °C à Paris : record absolu de chaleur battu !