When you are parking downhill, with a manual shift vehicle, set your parking brake and? Stopping distance increases with a heavy load or in road conditions such as snow, ice or rain. The proportion of large truck crashes for which fatigue is a contributing factor is uncertain. Which principle, with respect to right-of-way, is not correct? That's within 5 feet at 100 mph and within 2 feet from 80 mph of the 350Z Track Model's performance. Which of the following is the best procedure for making a lane change to the right? It could take pedestrians as much as ten seconds to cross a two lane street. ©1996- (A) checking the vehicle as you approach it, (b) checking outside the vehicle, (c) checking under the hood, (d) checking inside the vehicle, True/False: Seatbelts help keep a driver behind the steering where and in control during a crash, When conduction outside-the-vehicle checks, you should inspect your: (a) horn, (b) transmission, (c) door latches, (d) headlights, The parking brake is used to: (a) help you park your vehicle in the right position, (b) hold a vehicle in place, (c) help you slow down your vehicle before parking, When adjusting a safety belt, it is best to: (a) leave it slightly loose so you can reach all of the controls if you are a driver, (b) wear it as low as possible across your hips, (c) wear it as high as possible on the abdomen, (d) not worry about it if your vehicle is equipped with airbags, (B) Wear it as low as possible across your hips, To signal that you are going to make a right turn, you should: (a) move the turn signal lever down, (b) move the turn signal lever up, (c) point with your left hand in the direction you are planning to turn, (d) none of these above are correct), The windshield wiper switch is generally located on all of the following, except: (a) the driver's floor near the left foot, (b) a separate lever arm on the right side of the steering column, (c) the turn signal lever, (d) the dashboard, (A) The driver's floor near the left foot, The top of the head restraint should be adjusted to a point: (a) slightly above your ears, (b) slightly below your ears, (c) at the base of your neck, (d) as high as the adjustment will allow, True/False: Safety belts help keep a driver behind the steering wheel and in control during a crash, True/False: The high/low beam headlight switch on some older model vehicles may be located on the floor, beneath the parking brake pedal, Which of the following is considered a vehicle communication device? What additional information is most critical to you when deciding whether to just brake or brake and steer? They have larger blind spots and are less maneuverable than smaller vehicles. Longer stopping distances (due to higher weight and volume) require longer range perception. If fire breaks out under the hood or in the passenger compartment: (C) Get everyone out and move away from the vehicle. Under current FMCSA regulations, interstate commercial truck drivers are not allowed to drive for more than 11 hours or drive after 14 hours since starting a duty shift until they take a 10-hour break. The benefit of these systems is that they might make a driver aware of an object ahead well before the driver could see it using just the headlights? When you are driving and become fatigued you should: One of the best ways to prevent fatigue while driving on a long trip is to: (D) Stop, get out of the vehicle and walk around for at least ten minutes every two hours. True/False: Driving with your low-beam headlights on during daylight hours makes you visible from nearly 1 mile away. All detour and quiz questions from AAA's how to drive online course, True/False: The main difference between young and more experienced drivers is the number of miles they have covered. The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) is an independent, nonprofit scientific and educational organization dedicated to reducing the losses — deaths, injuries and property damage — from motor vehicle crashes. Vehicles in rural areas tend to be larger and older and therefore consume more fuel, not to mention the higher costs of maintaining such vehicles. The IIHS study also looked at the potential crash reductions with other crash avoidance features — blind spot detection, forward collision warning/mitigation and lane departure warning (Jermakian, 2012). NHTSA estimates that ESC on large truck tractors and large buses will prevent 40 to 56 percent of untripped rollovers and 14 percent of loss-of-control crashes (Wang, 2011). If you begin to experience a skid, the best response is to __________________. ____________ should be considered when purchasing tires. (A) Holding the steering wheel in a turned position too long. These trucks, called longer combination vehicles, sometimes have three trailers. (A) Idle, (b) light, (c) threshold, (d) squeeze. True/False: Hand over hand allows you to pull the steering wheel as you turn. The proportions in Oregon were 21 percent in 2005 compared with 12 percent in 2003. (C) Yield to pedestrians in the cross walk, When you are facing a steady red light and wish to continue straight ahead, you should: (a) stop, (b) stop then proceed with caution, (c) slow then proceed with caution, (d) none of the above. As you start to steer into the other lane, you should: (a) slow down slightly, (b) maintain the same speed, (c) increase your speed quickly, (d) increase your speed slightly. (D) Complete your braking before turning the steering wheel. Each time the trucking industry asks for larger vehicles it claims that longer trucks mean fewer trucks, less traffic congestion and use of … The database also prevents disqualified drivers from being licensed. Large truck and passenger vehicle involvement in fatal crashes by number of vehicles involved, 2018 Crash type Large trucks Passenger vehicles Number % Number % Single vehicle 707 18 15,012 37 Two vehicles 2,447 61 18,674 In other cases, they have two, but one of them exceeds 28 feet, or the combined weight of the rig exceeds 80,000 pounds. You should make a larger reduction in your speed when: (a) the consequences of a possible collision are greater, (b) a police officer is present, (c) driving during the daylight hours, (d) the pavement is clear and your vehicle has good traction. A recent IIHS study (Teoh, 2020) estimated that forward collision warning and automatic emergency braking systems reduce the rate of front-to-rear crashes per mile traveled of large trucks weighing at least 33,000 pounds by 44 and 41 percent, respectively. Even ahead of the proposed rulemaking, the most recent trailer models from major manufacturers have guards that meet the Canadian standard. (A) The driver is tailgating another vehicle. A line of oncoming vehicles following a slow moving truck is approaching in the oncoming lane. The same laws of physics that applies to car stopping distances also applies to trucks. Based on an analysis of crashes occurring during 2004-08, the Institute estimates that ESC has the potential to prevent or mitigate as many as 31,000 crashes involving large trucks each year, including up to 20 percent of moderate-to-serious-injury large truck crashes and 11 percent of fatal large truck crashes (Jermakian, 2012). They are taller and have greater ground clearance than cars, which means that lower-riding vehicles can slide beneath truck trailers, with deadly consequences. (A) Express your frustration at their actions, (b) tell them where you are, (c tell them what your plan to do, (d) warn them of a danger. When you are driving with a trailer in tow and the road curves to the right you should: (C) Allow more distance from the edge of the pavement. Compared with passenger vehicles, stopping distances for trucks are much longer, particularly on wet and slippery roads or if the brake systems are poorly maintained. Broadcast-standard video, remote interviews and media info, An educational resource for students and teachers, Current and past issues of our newsletter. A federal rule to upgrade the rear-impact guard standard for new trailers took effect in January 1998. In a group of friends, the designated driver is: (C) The driver who has agreed not to use alcohol and will drive friends home, (A) Space your drinks out over a long period of time. The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) oversees the safety of commercial vehicles in interstate commerce (vehicles operating across state lines) and has some jurisdiction over equipment standards for trucks currently on the road. Leave off radio to avoid distractions, Which of these hand positions allow for the optimum control when turning the wheel? Electronic stability control (ESC) has been required on all new truck tractors and buses since Aug. 1, 2019. This electrified RAV4 does have slightly less cargo space compared to the regular RAV4 Hybrid because the battery pack takes up more room. (A) 23 times- in terms of percent increase, that's a rise of 2,300%! (A) to the rear of the vehicle, (b) to the front of the vehicle, (c) to the left of the vehicle, (d) to the right of the vehicle, When you sit upright in the driver's seat your ability to see the driving environment is: (a) minimized, (b) maximized, (c) not affected, (d) none of the above, When turning to the right, the contact patches of the ________________ will increase in size. Carriers with high rates of crashes and inspection violations are subject to interventions including warning letters, offsite investigations, onsite investigations and suspensions of service. Drivers are at increased risk at becoming fatigued if they: Most people experience dips in energy between approximately midnight and 6 a.m., and again between approximately ____________, during which they are more likely to fall asleep while driving. Drivers can't drive after accruing 60 work hours during a seven-day period or 70 work hours during an eight-day period, but a "restart" provision allows truckers to get back behind the wheel after a 34-hour off-duty period. States regulate trucks that operate only within their borders, and state personnel conduct roadside inspections of trucks and drivers to enforce federal rules for equipment, hours of service and vehicle maintenance and inspection. The Brembo brakes didn't seem to Even though semi trucks have larger brakes than other vehicles, it usually takes the semi truck much longer to stop because of the much larger weight of the semi truck. Since 2017, electronic logging devices have been required, making it much more difficult to get around the rules. Animals are especially dangerous when you see them near the roadway because: (D) Their actions are erratic and unpredictable. A new standard rear underride guard from Utility Trailer earns the IIHS TOUGHGUARD award. Which of these acceleration levels is used for moving in higher speed traffic? Safe Following Distances and the Three Second Rule Just the act of driving carries some degree of risk, but when your following distance is too close to other vehicles, the odds of getting into an accident increase by quite a bit. In rear-end and crossing-path crashes, brake violations significantly increased the likelihood that the truck was the striking vehicle. You are driving on a two lane roadway and you encounter a fire truck coming toward you with sirens and emergency lights on, you should: (C Move off the roadway and stop until the fire truck passes you. Reduced stopping distances are the latest effort to make heavy combination vehicles more compatible with autos and light trucks on our increasingly crowded highways, NHTSA says. True/False: You must press hard on the accelerator as you start the engine. Stronger underride guard requirements could prevent deaths and injuries in rear- and side-impact crashes. The fastest way to stop your vehicle with, or without, ABS is: True/False: During the winter, your vehicle speed must be high for you to cause your vehicle to skid. True/False: When no parking lot or rest area is available and you need to pull off the traveled portion of the road, wait for conditions to improve before moving on. Timothy B. Lee - … When steering using the hand to hand method: (a) one hand must be briefly off the steering wheel, (b) your hands will cross over the twelve o-clock position when turning, (c) fine steering input will be done only with your right hand, (d) both hands will always maintain contact with the steering wheel. (C) Cause you to be less alert, even drowsy in the afternoon. (B) The driver on the left should yield the right-of-way. (A) Safe and clear, (b) traffic-matching, (c) slow and steady, (d) reasonable and proper. If you are upset or distracted when you are driving you may: (A) Miss seeing important information needed to drive safely. __________ helps reduce tailpipe emissions and your personal fuel cost. If someone is injured during a collision, you should: (D) Move them only if it is absolutely necessary for their safety. Stopping distances from 80mph and 100mph averaged 210.5 and 333.6 feet respectively. Truck driver fatigue is a known crash risk. In Pennsylvania, 19 percent of truck drivers admitted to dozing at the wheel at least once during the past month in 2005, up from 13 percent in 2003, under the old rule. True/False: The majority of drivers use their right foot for braking. Stopping vehicles as quickly as possible in an emergency is important but many factors affect this. What are the 3 main components that help you control vehicle speed and placement? ESC is designed to intervene when a truck's motion becomes unstable, possibly resulting in rollover, jackknife or other loss of control. New large trucks must have automatic brake adjusters, visible brake adjustment indicators and antilock brakes. Large trucks don't operate the same way that passenger vehicles operate. Side underride guards could be even more effective. Truckers' long work hours cause sleep deprivation, disruption of normal sleep/rest cycles and fatigue (IIHS, 2000; IIHS, 2008). When giving hand and arm signals to indicate your vehicle's movement, you should: (a) use your right arm and hand, (b) use your left arm and hand, (c use your right arm and hand when indicating a right turn and your left when indicating a left turn or slow / stop, (d) never use your arms and hands to signal your intentions. They create more damage if they’re involved in a collision. Braking Deceleration Distance Perception Reaction Distance Total Stopping Distance 10 14.7 5 22 27 15 22 11 33 44 20 29.3 19 44 63 25 36 30 55 85 30 44 43 66 109 35 51 Place your key in the ignition 2. When you approach a stop sign you should: (a) slow down, (b) slow and proceed with caution if you can see all approaching traffic, (c) stop only if there is approaching traffic from another direction, (d) none of the above is correct. Large trucks don’t operate the same way that passenger vehicles operate. A(n) _________________ skid occurs when your front tires begin to lose contact with the road surface. (A) Express your frustration at their actions. In a later test, it prevented underride at 40 mph (IIHS, 2017). Of all equipment violations, violations in the braking (36 percent) and lighting (19 percent) systems were the most frequent. If large trucks cross state lines or carry hazardous materials, their drivers must be 21 or older. Strong underride guards can prevent that from happening. Overall risk of a collision while using a cell phone increases by ____ percent. Off the interstate highway system, states may set their own commercial vehicle size and weight standards. Both interstate and intrastate commercial drivers must obtain CDLs if they operate trucks with gross vehicle weight ratings of 26,001 pounds or more, if they transport 16 or more passengers, or if they transport hazardous materials. This system determines when a vehicle is turning more or less than the driver intended, basically detecting the start of an understeer or an oversteer skid? Compared with passenger vehicles, stopping distances for trucks are much longer. The faster you are going, the longer it will take you to stop, and this not a linear relationship. When your car headlights fail, you should: If you believe that your brakes may have failed, your first action should be to _______________. In the late 1980s, Institute researchers examined crashes of large trucks in the state of Washington and found that tractor-trailers with defective equipment were twice as likely to be in crashes as trucks without defects (Jones & Stein, 1989). In fatal two-vehicle crashes involving a passenger vehicle and a large truck, 96 percent of the deaths were occupants of the passenger vehicles. To help you keep your emotions from affecting your driving you should not: _______________ occurs when a driver uses the vehicle or some other weapon to threaten or cause harm to another roadway user in response to a traffic incident. Vehicles use the greatest amount of fuel when _______. Larger vehicles tend to have longer stopping distances than other vehicles because_____ (A) Their center of gravity is larger. Large trucks weigh more than 10,000 pounds and can be either single-unit vehicles or combination vehicles consisting of a single-unit truck or tractor pulling one or more trailers. On wet and slippery roads, there are even greater disparities between the braking capabilities of large trucks and cars. IIHS research has found that truck drivers behind the wheel for more than eight hours are twice as likely to crash (Jones & Stein, 1987). When driving, you control the vehicle with the: (a) brakes, (b) steering wheel, (c) accelerator, (d) all of the above, Vehicle acceleration will produce a weight shift of: (a) rear to front, (b) side to side, (c) front to rear, (d) none of the above, To allow enough distance to stop in response to threatening objects or conditions, you should identify a planned path of travel ___ seconds ahead. Today, the eight largest manufacturers all produce guards that qualify for the award. Federal and state personnel also conduct reviews of carriers' compliance with these regulations. Faster speeds mean exponentially longer stopping distances Gradient The gradient affects the stopping distance through the influence of The study gathered detailed information on a national sample of 2001-03 crashes involving an evident injury and at least one large truck. (A) Slow down and move closer to the truck, The key to the Basic Speed Law is to drive at a ____________ speed for conditions. (D) Both hands will always maintain contact with the steering wheel. • Allow for longer stopping distances by always maintaining a greater distance between you and the vehicle in front than you usually would when driving without a caravan • Allow longer distances for overtaking and joining traffic If a tire suddenly goes flat while you are driving you should: (C) Continue to look down your intended path of travel, keep a firm, steady grip on the steering wheel and maintain a straight course. Critically, because larger vehicles have longer stopping distances, increasing the amount of time that the driver has to recognize and react … Oxidation, the burning of alcohol, takes place in your: In one hour a male that weighs 150 pounds will oxidize (get rid of) how much alcohol? Drivers also reported more instances of falling asleep at the wheel. True/False: In extremely cold temperatures your windshield washer fluid may freeze onto the windshield if you attempt to spray fluid while driving. Large trucks are also normally carrying large loads which make moving the heavy equipment more difficult. When on an extended drive, avoid driving more than _____ miles per day. Which of the following is an indication that the driver you observe has poor spatial judgment? And as with Stopping distances tend to be similar over the normal range of ABS equipped cars however the same factors apply to both super cars and run abouts (Gravity, weight, friction etc). Administrative laws enable: (a) the governor of the state to control the positioning of traffic lights, (b) state officials to control their highway transportation system, (c) state officials to use traffic fines to fund public education, (d) the legislative branch to set speed limits. (A) 50, (b) 100, (c) 250, (d) 500, When reversing direction, you should consider: (a) traffic density, (b) your speed, (c) visibility, (d) all of the above. You should: (D) Are less likely to open during a rollover. Young drivers between the ages of 16-19 with a B.A.C of .085 percent (three to four drinks) are _____ times more likely to be killed in a crash than a sober driver. Your vehicle has 5 seats with safety belts (including the driver seat). __________________ occurs when water between the tires and the road builds until the tires begin to ride on a film of water, resulting in loss of traction. True/False: Alcohol affects men and women the same. While automatic emergency braking offers greater functionality, a benefit of forward collision warning is that some systems can be retrofit to existing trucks, allowing the benefits to be realized sooner and more broadly. You have 6 people, including yourself that need to go somewhere. This electrified RAV4 does have slightly less cargo space compared to the regular RAV4 Hybrid because the battery pack takes up more room. (C) To help you to avoid collisions when conditions changes suddenly, The distance you look ahead is identified as your: (a) targeting scope, (b) visual scope, (c) targeting lead, (d) visual lead. There also was no restart provision. If your vehicle stalls on the tracks you should: You should avoid passing another vehicle __________________, Larger vehicles tend to have longer stopping distances than other vehicles because__________________, (D) Used for both acceleration and deceleration, True/False: You should tailgate the vehicle in front of you just before you pass the vehicle so your time to pass. (C) Ability to think, reason and make decisions. • Increase your following distance - Remain well behind the road user in front as stopping distances can be ten times greater than on dry roads. Multiple studies indicate that truck drivers younger than 21 and in their 20s have a higher rate of involvement in both fatal and nonfatal crashes than older drivers (Campbell, 1991; Blower et al., 1990; Blower, 1996; Frith, 1994; Teoh et al., 2017). The AngelWing doesn't cover the whole length of the trailer, but in combination with the wheels, it provides protection along 62 percent of it. (A) Idling acceleration, (b) light acceleration, (c) progressive acceleration, (d) thrust acceleration. When your vehicle is equipped with Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) you will: (B) Enhance your ability to steer while braking hard. An IIHS study found consistently beneficial effects for stability control, speed governors and electronic devices for logging hours of service (Teoh et al., 2017). Make sure all doors are closed tightly and locked 3. (A) 2-4, (b) 12-15, (c) 20-30, (d) 50-60, True/False: When you direct your attention 20 to 30 seconds ahead of your vehicle and to both sides of the vehicle, you are able to identify objects or conditions that could increase your level of risk, When braking hard, the weight of the vehicle noticeably shifts ______. The driver’s reactions and the road and vehicle conditions play a part, as well as mass and speed. Which of the following is not a reason to communicate with other drivers? Braking disparities can be aggravated by poor maintenance of truck braking systems. Backing is generally easier when you are backing to your: When you load a trailer, arrange ____ percent of the weight in the front half of the trailer. Licensing drivers is a state matter, but since 1992, federal law requires states to meet licensing standards for commercial driver's licenses (CDLs). Which of the following is a vehicle failure? (D) Should only be used when there is not much traffic. When approaching a turn, you should: (a) brake as you begin turning the steering wheel, (b) instead of braking, coast down to the appropriate cornering speed, (c) shift to neutral to help balance the car, (d) complete your braking before turning the steering wheel. True/False: Releasing pressure from the brake pedal allows your vehicle to move forward slowly, provided your vehicle is equipped with an automatic transmission. (B) State officials to control their highway transportation system. The frequent slowing and stopping of city driving keeps hybrid batteries charged, allowing hybrid vehicles to operate in their electric-only mode more often. You are driving about 45 mph when a situation arrives and you must avoid a collision by either braking or steering, you should: (B) Steer out of danger because it will take less distance, (A) Will help to reduce the likelihood of you hydroplaning. I have , but greater weight also means more energy that the brakes have to disperse and there'll be a point at which they reach their limit. • Slow down. (A) A driver intentionally drives recklessly, (b) a driver knows his or her actions will create a significant risk, (c) conditions make the risk obvious and serious, (d) all of the above, True/False: Children under the age of 13 years old should always ride in the back seat, Most states have Zero Tolerance blood-alcohol concentration limits of __________ percent, The five-degree cone that makes up only three percent of a driver's total visual field is called: (a) central vision, (b) fringe vision, (c) peripheral vision, (d) tunnel vision, __________ vision is the five-degree cone that makes up only 3 percent of a driver's total visual field. Trucks that are even bigger than western doubles are allowed to travel on some roads. (B) The primary visual function employed in targeting, Which sense is most critical to safe driving? If you are involved in a collision you must stop at the scene and: Before driving, carefully plan your route to: (C) Reduce the number of trips you need to take. The proposed rule would align U.S. regulations with stricter ones in place in Canada since 2007. Prescription medicines and over the counter drugs can hinder your ability to drive by: When a person is affected by marijuana they will: (B) Tend to concentrate on one thing at a time while driving. Truck braking capability can be a factor in crashes. When you are backing and turning a trailer, you should: (B) Turn the steering wheel in the opposite direction you want the trailer to go. NHTSA also is considering extending underride regulations to single-unit trucks (Office of the Federal Register, 2015). (C) They don't have enough room to change lanes. 18–24 year-olds and those over This means that a switch to an EV results in larger fuel savings than in areas where vehicles are newer, smaller and more efficient. It takes the body, on average, approximately ______ to eliminate the alcohol contained in one drink. Because they are larger and much heavier, commercial vehicles need longer stopping distances and that presents challenges for the sensing and cameras needed to guide them safety. There is no requirement for front or side underride guards in the United States. _______________ help(s) drivers retain steering control during emergency braking. On a vehicle with a manual transmission, "riding the clutch" will: On a vehicle with a manual transmission, fourth and fifth gears are generally engaged at speeds over. (A) Hearing, (b) smell, (c) seeing, (d) touch, A driver should maintain a visual-control zone of at least _________ seconds ahead. Drivers that refuse to take a test to determine the presence of drugs and / or alcohol in, If you drive through a posted school zone 20 to 25 miles over the posted speed you may be, Which of the following is related to reckless driving behavior? Generally, the safest type of vehicle for a new driver is a(n): During a storm a tree falls on your parked vehicle. (B) Inside of those made by your front tires, Before making a turn in an urban area most state laws require a driver to signal at least ____ feet before the turn. When backing: (a) brace your right arm over the back of the passenger seat, (b) grip the steering wheel at the 12 o'clock position with your left hand, (c) move the wheel left or right in the direction you want the rear of the vehicle to go, (d) all of the above. Cars have an average weight of 5,000 pounds while a semi They weigh more True or False: You should tailgate the vehicle in front of you just before you pass the vehicle so your time to pass is shortened. Large trucks often weigh 20-30 times as much as passenger vehicles. You have placed your vehicle in Drive and are preparing to move forward: (a) you do not need to check your mirrors since you are moving forward, (b) you should accelerate then check your mirrors and blind areas for other vehicles, (c) you should check your mirrors and blind areas before pivoting your foot from the brake to the accelerator, (d) you should keep your parking brake set. Compared with passenger cars and light trucks, large trucks have a much lower rate per mile traveled of crashes resulting in nonfatal injuries or property damage only. And as with every You should maintain at least a ___________ following distance when driving a heavy vehicle or towing a trailer.